When the hydraulic station of the hydraulic system starts at low temperatures below 15℃ (or a certain temperature value required by some hydraulic systems), it is necessary to configure an electric heater to raise the working medium to an appropriate value, reducing its viscosity to facilitate oil suction and startup of the hydraulic pump. During the design of the hydraulic station, the electric heater needs to be selected by the designer based on actual usage requirements. Key parameters must be controlled to avoid damage to the working medium and safety hazards. The following is a brief analysis of the design selection and usage of common electric heaters.
1 Selection of Immersion Tubular Electric Heater
1.1 Selection Basis for Immersion Tubular Electric Heater
1) Surface Load
Surface load, i.e., the power per unit area on the heating surface, also known as area heat dissipation power or surface power density, mainly relates to the thermal stability of the heated hydraulic working fluid. Excessive surface load can cause aging of the hydraulic working medium and safety issues. When selecting, the main considerations are whether the heater is installed in a non-flowing or flowing medium (e.g., some hydraulic stations have their own circulation system, and the heater is installed in the circulation pipeline), and the type of hydraulic working medium. Reference can be made to relevant standards and recommended regulations as shown in the table below; or contact the manufacturer of the working medium to determine the appropriate surface load range.
Table1 Surface Load
| Surface load W/cm2 | Heating medium, heating characteristics and code | Metal tube material and grade |
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